Method for treating post-emergent rice

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides a method for treating rice. The method comprises the steps of: providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, haloxyfop, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/395,832, filed on Dec. 30, 2016; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/357,691, filed on May 12, 2014; which is a 35 U.S.C. 371 National Stage entry of PCT/US12/64831, filed on Nov. 13, 2012; which claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/559,618, filed on Nov. 14, 2011; all of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. U.S. application Ser. No. 15/395,832, filed on Dec. 30, 2016; is also a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/156,671, filed May 17, 2016; which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/393,780, filed Jan. 7, 2013; which is a 35 U.S.C. 371 National Stage entry of PCT/US10/47571, filed on Sep. 1, 2010; which claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/365,298, filed Jul. 16, 2010, and 61/238,906, filed Sep. 1, 2009; all of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to treatment of domestic rice crop plants for the control of weeds.

BACKGROUND

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, particularly in Asia. Rice is a cereal grain produced by plants in the genus Oryza. The two most frequently cultivated species are Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, with O. sativa being the most frequently cultivated domestic rice. In addition to the two domestic species, the genus Oryza contains more than 20 wild species. One of these wild species, Oryza rufipogon (“red rice” also referred to as Oryza sativa subsp. rufipogon) presents a major problem in commercial cultivation. Red rice produces red coated seeds. After harvest, rice seeds are milled to remove their hull. After milling, domestic rice is white while wild red rice appears discolored. The presence of discolored seeds reduces the value of the rice crop. Since red rice belongs to the same species as cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), their genetic makeup is very similar. This genetic similarity has made herbicidal control of red rice difficult.

Domestic rice tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides have been developed and are currently marketed under the tradename CLEARFIELD®. Imidazolinone herbicides inhibit a plant's acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) enzyme. When cultivating CLEARFIELD® rice, it is possible to control red rice and other weeds by application of imidazolinone herbicides. Unfortunately, imidazolinone herbicide-tolerant red rice and weeds have developed.

Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) enzymes synthesize malonyl-CoA as the start of the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway in plant chloroplasts. ACCase in grass chloroplasts is a multifunctional, nuclear-genome-encoded, very large, single polypeptide, transported into the plastid via an N-terminal transit peptide. The active form in grass chloroplasts is a homomeric protein, likely a homodimer.

ACCase enzymes in grasses are inhibited by three classes of herbicidal active ingredients. The two most prevalent classes are aryloxyphenoxypropanoates (“FOPs”) and cyclohexanediones (“DIMs”). In addition to these two classes, a third class phenylpyrazolines (“DENs”) has been described.

A number of ACCase-inhibitor-tolerance (AIT) mutations have been found in monocot weed species exhibiting tolerance toward one or more DIM or FOP herbicides. Further, an AIT maize has been marketed by BASF. All such mutations are found in the carboxyltransferase domain of the ACCase enzyme, and these appear to be located in a substrate binding pocket, altering access to the catalytic site.

DIMs and FOPs are important herbicides and it would be advantageous if rice could be provided that exhibits tolerance to these classes of herbicide. Currently, these classes of herbicide are of limited value in rice agriculture. In some cases, herbicide-tolerance-inducing mutations create a severe fitness penalty in the tolerant plant. Therefore, there remains a need in the art for an AIT rice that also exhibits no fitness penalty. This need and others are met by the present invention.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for treating rice. The method comprises the steps of: providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, haloxyfop, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.

In some other embodiments, the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide. In some further embodiments, the mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C.

In still other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is quizalofop or an ester thereof. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 14 g AI/Ha.

In even other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is fluazifop or an ester thereof. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 56 g AI/Ha.

In some other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 11 g AI/Ha.

In still other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is diclofop or diclofop-methyl. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 226 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Echinochloa. In some further embodiments, the weed of the genus Echinochloa is selected from the group consisting of Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Echinochloa oryzicola, and Echinochloa oryzoides.

In other embodiments, the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Leptochloa. In some further embodiments, the weed of the genus Leptochloa is selected from the group consisting of Leptochloa chinensis, Leptochloa fascicularis, Leptochloa panacea, and Leptochloa panicoides.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and applying an effective amount thereof to the domestic rice crop plant.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for treating rice comprising providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence, wherein said effective amount is 0.5× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant, and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.

In some other embodiments, the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide. In some further embodiments, the mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure can be better understood by reference to the following drawings. The drawings are merely exemplary to illustrate certain features that may be used singularly or in combination with other features and the aspects of the present disclosure should not be limited to the embodiments shown.

FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing relative growth rice calli derived from Oryza sativa subsp. indica grown in the presence of difference selection levels of herbicide. FIG. 1A shows the results obtained with tepraloxydim, FIG. 1B shows the results obtained with sethoxydim, and FIG. 1C shows the results obtained with cycloxydim.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the selection process used to produce herbicide-tolerant rice plants.

FIG. 3 shows photographs of plants taken one week after treatment with herbicide.

FIG. 4 shows photographs of plants taken two weeks after treatment with herbicide.

FIG. 5 provides the amino acid sequence of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from Alopecurus myosuroides (GenBank accession number CAC84161) (SEQ ID NO. 24).

FIG. 6 provides the mRNA encoding acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from Alopecurus myosuroides (GenBank accession number AJ310767 region: 157 . . . 7119).

FIG. 7A provides the genomic nucleotide sequence for Oryza sativa Indica & Japonica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase gene (SEQ ID NO:5).

FIG. 7B provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Oryza sativa Indica & Japonica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:6).

FIG. 7C provides the amino acid sequence of Oryza sativa Indica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:3).

FIG. 8A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Zea mays acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:11).

FIG. 8B provides the amino acid sequence of Zea mays acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:12).

FIG. 9A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Zea mays acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:13).

FIG. 9B provides the amino acid sequence of Zea mays acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:14).

FIG. 10A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Triticum aestivum acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:15).

FIG. 10B provides the amino acid sequence of Triticum aestivum acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:16).

FIG. 11A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:17).

FIG. 11B provides the amino acid sequence of Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:18).

FIG. 12A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:19).

FIG. 12B provides the amino acid sequence of Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:20).

FIG. 13A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:21).

FIG. 13B provides the amino acid sequence of Setaria italica acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:22).

FIG. 14A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:23).

FIG. 14B provides the amino acid sequence of Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:24).

FIG. 15A provides the nucleotide sequence encoding Aegilops tauschii acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:25).

FIG. 15B provides the amino acid sequence of Aegilops tauschii acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO:26).

FIG. 16 provides a comparison of single and double mutants.

FIG. 17 provides a graph showing results for mutant rice versus various ACCase inhibitors.

FIG. 18 provides Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase amino acid sequence (GenBank accession no. CAC84161) (SEQ ID NO. 24). Amino acids that may be altered in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure are indicated in bold double underline.

FIG. 19 provides amino acid sequence of wild-type Oryza sativa acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases (SEQ ID NOs. 2, 3) aligned with Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (SEQ ID NO. 24) with some critical residues denoted.

FIG. 20A shows the effect of post-emergent application of herbicides on Red rice.

FIG. 20B shows the effect of post-emergent application of herbicides on AIT rice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the objectives of the present diclosure. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the objectives of the present diclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the objectives of the present diclosure. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as representative examples. The presently claimed disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

Definitions

As used herein, “tolerant” or “herbicide-tolerant” indicates a plant or portion thereof capable of growing in the presence of an amount of herbicide that normally causes growth inhibition in a non-tolerant (e.g., a wild-type) plant or portion thereof. Levels of herbicide that normally inhibit growth of a non-tolerant plant are known and readily determined by those skilled in the art. Examples include the amounts recommended by manufacturers for application. The maximum rate is an example of an amount of herbicide that would normally inhibit growth of a non-tolerant plant.

As used herein, “recombinant” refers to an organism having genetic material from different sources.

As used herein, “mutagenized” refers to an organism having an altered genetic material as compared to the genetic material of a corresponding wild-type organism, wherein the alterations in genetic material were induced and/or selected by human action. Examples of human action that can be used to produce a mutagenized organism include, but are not limited to, tissue culture of plant cells (e.g., calli) in sub-lethal concentrations of herbicides (e.g., acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors such as cycloxydim or sethoxydim), treatment of plant cells with a chemical mutagen and subsequent selection with herbicides (e.g., acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors such as cycloxydim or sethoxydim); or by treatment of plant cells with x-rays and subsequent selection with herbicides (e.g., acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors such as cycloxydim or sethoxydim). Any method known in the art may be used to induce mutations. Methods of inducing mutations may induce mutations in random positions in the genetic material or may induce mutations in specific locations in the genetic material (i.e., may be directed mutagenesis techniques).

As used herein, a “genetically modified organism” (GMO) is an organism whose genetic characteristics have been altered by insertion of genetic material from another source organism or progeny thereof that retain the inserted genetic material. The source organism may be of a different type of organism (e.g., a GMO plant may contain bacterial genetic material) or from the same type of organism (e.g., a GMO plant may contain genetic material from another plant). As used herein, recombinant and GMO are considered synonyms and indicate the presence of genetic material from a different source whereas mutagenized indicates altered genetic material from a corresponding wild-type organism but no genetic material from another source organism.

As used herein, “wild-type” or “corresponding wild-type plant” means the typical form of an organism or its genetic material, as it normally occurs, as distinguished from mutagenized and/or recombinant forms.

For the present invention, the terms “herbicide-tolerant” and “herbicide-resistant” are used interchangeably and are intended to have an equivalent meaning and an equivalent scope. Similarly, the terms “herbicide-tolerance” and “herbicide-resistance” are used interchangeably and are intended to have an equivalent meaning and an equivalent scope. Similarly, the terms “tolerant” and “resistant” are used interchangeably and are intended to have an equivalent meaning and an equivalent scope.

As used herein in regard to herbicides useful in various embodiments hereof, terms such as auxinic herbicide, AHAS inhibitor, acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor, PPO inhibitor, EPSPS inhibitor, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, and the like, refer to those agronomically acceptable herbicide active ingredients (A.I.) recognized in the art. Similarly, terms such as fungicide, nematicide, pesticide, and the like, refer to other agronomically acceptable active ingredients recognized in the art.

When used in reference to a particular mutant enzyme or polypeptide, terms such as herbicide tolerant (HT) and herbicide tolerance refer to the ability of such enzyme or polypeptide to perform its physiological activity in the presence of an amount of an herbicide A.I. that would normally inactivate or inhibit the activity of the wild-type (non-mutant) version of said enzyme or polypeptide. For example, when used specifically in regard to an AHAS enzyme, or AHASL polypeptide, it refers specifically to the ability to tolerate an AHAS-inhibitor. Classes of AHAS-inhibitors include sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones, and pyrimidinyloxy[thio]benzoates.

As used herein, “descendant” refers to any generation plant.

As used herein, “progeny” refers to a first generation plant.

As used herein, an “effective amount” refers to the amount of an herbicide required to achieve at least about 65% phytotoxicity of conventional rice (e.g., red rice) in field applications. In some embodiments, an effective amount may be further defined as an amount of an herbicide required to achieve at least about 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 99% phytotoxicity of conventional rice (e.g., red rice) in field applications. In other embodiments, an effective amount may be further defined as an amount of an herbicide required to achieve at least about 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 99% phytotoxicity of Echinochloa or Leptochloa species weeds in field applications. Typically, an effective amount for post-emergent application will be at least 0.5× the standard application rate of a given herbicide. 1× rates of herbicides listed herein are within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art and it understood herein that for any herbicide not having a published 1× application rate, a 1× rate is one that causes at least 90% phytotoxicity in Echinochloa crus-galli.

As used herein, the amino acid numbering, and the associated DNA sequence numbering are based on the numbering of the ACCase in Alopercurus myosuroides (blackgrass) (Genbank CAC84161.1) and denoted with an (Am). The reference positions cited within are intended to correspond to the actual recited positional equivalent in the ACCase of Alopercurus myosuroides.

As used herein, a “non-selective” or “rice-non-selective” ACCase-inhibiting herbicide relates to an herbicide of the DIM or FOP class that, at a given rate of application, of active ingredient causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in domestic rice (Oryza sativa). Conversely, “selective” means any ACCase-inhibiting DIM or FOP herbicide that, at a given rate of application causes both at least 90% phytotoxicity in Echinochloa crus-galli and not more than 10% phytotoxicity in domestic rice (Oryza sativa).

As used herein, the terms “post-emergence” and “postemergent” refer to a time period encompassing the post-germination emergence of a seedling through the soil surface to the maturity of the plant.

As used herein in regard to mutant or mutagenized nucleic acids that encode herbicide-tolerant ACCase enzymes, the term “endogenous non-transfected” is defined to mean:

(1) that the nucleic acid is endogenous to the respective cell, seed, plant, or plant part and

(2) that its nucleotide sequence is “non-transfected” in that

-   -   (a) it contains herbicide-tolerance mutation(s) produced         randomly by a technique involving no step of introducing         exogenous nucleic acid(s) or nucleic acid analog(s), into a         plant cell or into other plant material, and     -   (b) it contains no mutation(s) produced by a technique involving         a step of introducing exogenous nucleic acid(s) or nucleic acid         analog(s), into a plant cell or into other plant material.

Thus, techniques useful to produce such “non-transfected” nucleic acid sequences, as defined herein, include, e.g., traditional chemical mutagenesis using a chemical (i.e. non-nucleic-acid- or -analog-containing) mutagen, tissue culture mutagenesis involving somaclonal variation, radiation exposure, and other techniques for inducing mutations in endogenous plant gene(s) in a random or non-directed manner.

Accordingly, as defined herein, “endogenous non-transfected” nucleic acids exclude both those mutant or mutagenized nucleic acids whose mutation-containing sequences have resulted without an applied technique and those that were produced by use of a technique involving introduction into a plant cell or into other plant material of an exogenous nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog, whether per se or as part of a heteromolecular construct or complex. Examples of techniques excluded under this definition include: genetic engineering, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, DNA mismatch-repair oligonucleotide-based mutagenesis, and other mutation-producing processes in which exogenous nucleic acid (or nucleic acid analog) has been transiently or stably introduced into a plant cell or other plant material.

As used in this definition of “endogenous non-transfected,” the term “non-transfected” is analogous to the term “non-infected” used to describe a physician's patient who, not having been infected with or exposed to a pathogen, is not a carrier of it. Thus, by analogy, a “non-transfected” nucleic acid is one that is not a carrier of any “transfection product,” i.e. of any mutation caused by a technique involving transient or stable introduction of exogenous nucleic acid or its analog.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for treating rice. The method comprises the steps of: providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, haloxyfop, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.

In some other embodiments, the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide. In some further embodiments, the mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C.

In still other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is quizalofop or an ester thereof. The 1× application rate for quizalofop or an ester thereof is 28 g AI/ha. In some further embodiments, an effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 14 g AI/Ha.

In even other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is fluazifop or an ester thereof. The 1× application rate for fluazifop or an ester thereof is 112 g AI/ha. In some further embodiments, an effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 56 g AI/Ha.

In some other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl. The 1× application rate for clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is 22 g AI/ha. In some further embodiments, an effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 11 g AI/Ha.

In still other embodiments, the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is diclofop or diclofop-methyl. The 1× application rate for diclofop or diclofop-methyl is 452 g AI/ha. In some further embodiments, an effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 226 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Echinochloa. In some further embodiments, the weed of the genus Echinochloa is selected from the group consisting of Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Echinochloa oryzicola, and Echinochloa oryzoides.

In other embodiments, the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Leptochloa. In some further embodiments, the weed of the genus Leptochloa is selected from the group consisting of Leptochloa chinensis, Leptochloa fascicularis, Leptochloa panacea, and Leptochloa panicoides.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing at least one cyclohexanedione herbicide and applying an effective amount thereof to the domestic rice crop plant.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for treating rice comprising providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence, wherein said effective amount is 0.5× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant, and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.

In some other embodiments, the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide. In some further embodiments, the mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C.

Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for treating rice comprising providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence, wherein said effective amount is at least 0.5× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant, and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 1× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In other embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 0.95× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In still other embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 0.9× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In yet other embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 0.85× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In even other embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 0.8× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In still even other embodiments, said effective amount is at least 0.5× and less than 0.75× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant.

In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the time of seedling emergence. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the 2-, 3-, and/or 4-leaf stage. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and/or 4th tiller stage. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the panicle initiation and/or panicle differentiation stage. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the 2-, 3-, and/or 4-leaf stage. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place at the heading, milk, or dough stages. In some embodiments, postemergent application of herbicides in the present methods can take place on mature plants.

Plants

The present disclosure provides herbicide-tolerant monocotyledonous plants of the grass family Poaceae. The family Poaceae may be divided into two major clades, the clade containing the subfamilies Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pooideae (the BEP clade) and the clade containing the subfamilies Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Centothecoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae (the PACCMAD clade). The subfamily Bambusoideae includes tribe Oryzeae. The present disclosure relates to plants of the BEP clade, in particular plants of the subfamilies Bambusoideae and Ehrhartoideae. Plants of the disclosure are typically tolerant to at least one herbicide that inhibits acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity as a result of expressing an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme as described below. The BET clade includes subfamilies Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and group Triticodae and no other subfamily Pooideae groups. BET crop plants are plants grown for food or forage that are members of BET subclade, for example barley, corn, etc.

The present disclosure also provides commercially important herbicide-tolerant monocots, including Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), as well as Turfgrasses, e.g., Poa pratensis (Bluegrass), Agrostis spp. (Bentgrass), Lolium spp. (Ryegrasses), Festuca spp. (Fescues), Zoysia spp. (Zoysia grass), Cynodon spp. (Bermudagrass), Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine grass), Paspalum spp. (Bahiagrass), Eremochloa ophiuroides (Centipedegrass), Axonopus spp. (Carpetgrass), Bouteloua dactyloides (Buffalograss), and Bouteloua var. spp. (Grama grass).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides herbicide-tolerant plants of the Bambusoideae subfamily. Such plants are typically tolerant to one or more herbicides that inhibit acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity. Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants of the subfamily Bambusoideae include, but are not limited to, those of the genera Arundinaria, Bambusa, Chusquea, Guadua, and Shibataea.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides herbicide-tolerant plants of the Ehrhartoideae subfamily. Such plants are typically tolerant to one or more herbicides that inhibit acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity. Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants of the subfamily Ehrhartoideae include, but are not limited to, those of the genera Erharta, Leersia, Microlaena, Oryza, and Zizania.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides herbicide-tolerant plants of the Pooideae subfamily. Such plants are typically tolerant to one or more herbicides that inhibit acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity. Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants of the subfamily Ehrhartoideae include, but are not limited to, those of the genera Triticeae, Aveneae, and Poeae.

In one embodiment, herbicide-tolerant plants of the disclosure are rice plants. Two species of rice are most frequently cultivated, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Numerous subspecies of Oryza sativa are commercially important including Oryza sativa subsp. indica, Oryza sativa subsp. japonica, Oryza sativa subsp. javanica, Oryza sativa subsp. glutinosa (glutinous rice), Oryza sativa Aromatica group (e.g., basmati), and Oryza sativa (Floating rice group). The present disclosure encompasses herbicide-tolerant plants in all of the aforementioned species and subspecies.

In addition to being able to tolerate herbicides that inhibit acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity, plants of the disclosure may also be able to tolerate herbicides that work on other physiological processes. For example, plants of the disclosure may be tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors and also tolerant to other herbicides, for example, enzyme inhibitors. Examples of other enzyme inhibitors to which plants of the disclosure may be tolerant include, but are not limited to, inhibitors of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) such as glyphosate, inhibitors of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas and sulfonamide herbicides, and inhibitors of glutamine synthase such as glufosinate. In addition to enzyme inhibitors, plants of the disclosure may also be tolerant of herbicides having other modes of action, for example, auxinic herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba, chlorophyll/carotenoid pigment inhibitors such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors, cell membrane destroyers, photosynthetic inhibitors such as bromoxynil or ioxynil, cell division inhibitors, root inhibitors, shoot inhibitors, and combinations thereof. Thus, plants of the disclosure tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors can be made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides.

For example, plants of the present disclosure are tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors, such as “dims” (e.g., cycloxydim, sethoxydim, clethodim, or tepraloxydim), “fops” (e.g., clodinafop, diclofop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, or quizalofop), and “dens” (such as pinoxaden), in some embodiments, may be auxinic-herbicide tolerant, tolerant to EPSPS inhibitors, such as glyphosate; to PPO inhibitors, such as pyrimidinedione, such as saflufenacil, triazolinone, such as sulfentrazone, carfentrazone, flumioxazin, diphenylethers, such as acifluorfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, N-phenylphthalamides, such as flumiclorac, CGA-248757, and/or to GS inhibitors, such as glufosinate. In addition to these classes of inhibitors, plants of the disclosure tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors may also be tolerant to herbicides having other modes of action, for example, chlorophyll/carotenoid pigment inhibitors, cell membrane disruptors, photosynthesis inhibitors, cell division inhibitors, root inhibitors, shoot inhibitors, and combinations thereof. Such tolerance traits may be expressed, e.g., as mutant EPSPS proteins, or mutant glutamine synthetase proteins; or as mutant native, inbred, or transgenic aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD or DHT), haloarylnitrilase (BXN), 2,2-dichloropropionic acid dehalogenase (DEH), glyphosate-N-acetyltransferase (GAT), glyphosate decarboxylase (GDC), glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT or bar), or cytochrome P450 (CYP450) proteins having an herbicide-degrading activity. Plants tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors hereof can also be stacked with other traits including, but not limited to, pesticidal traits such as Bt Cry and other proteins having pesticidal activity toward coleopteran, lepidopteran, nematode, or other pests; nutrition or nutraceutical traits such as modified oil content or oil profile traits, high protein or high amino acid concentration traits, and other trait types known in the art.

Furthermore, plants are also covered that, in addition to being able to tolerate herbicides that inhibit acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity, are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e. g. CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxy-steroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present disclosure these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g. WO 02/015701). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda).

Furthermore, in one embodiment, plants are also covered that are, e.g., by the use of recombinant DNA techniques and/or by breeding and/or otherwise selected for such traits, able to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art. The plants produced as described herein can also be stacked with other traits including, but not limited to, disease resistance, enhanced mineral profile, enhanced vitamin profile, enhanced oil profile (e.g., high oleic acid content), amino acid profile (e.g, high lysine corn), and other trait types known in the art.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, plants are also covered that are, e.g., by the use of recombinant DNA techniques and/or by breeding and/or by other means of selection, able to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e.g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.

Furthermore, in one embodiment, plants are also covered that contain, e.g., by the use of recombinant DNA techniques and/or by breeding and/or by other means of selection, a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition. Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, plants of the disclosure are also covered which are, e.g. by the use of recombinant DNA techniques and/or by breeding and/or otherwise selected for such traits, altered to contain increased amounts of vitamins and/or minerals, and/or improved profiles of nutraceutical compounds.

In one embodiment, plants of the disclosure tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors, relative to a wild-type plant, comprise an increased amount of, or an improved profile of, a compound selected from the group consisting of: glucosinolates (e.g., glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl-glucosinolate), sulforaphane, 3-indolylmethyl-glucosinolate (glucobrassicin), 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-glucosinolate (neoglucobrassicin)); phenolics (e.g., flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives (e.g., 1,2,2′-trisinapoylgentiobiose, 1,2-diferuloylgentiobiose, 1,2′-disinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose, 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic (neochlorogenic acid)); and vitamins and minerals (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, selenium, and zinc).

In another embodiment, plants of the disclosure tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors, relative to a wild-type plant, comprise an increased amount of, or an improved profile of, a compound selected from the group consisting of: progoitrin; isothiocyanates; indoles (products of glucosinolate hydrolysis); glutathione; carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lycopene, and the xanthophyll carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin; phenolics comprising the flavonoids such as the flavonols (e.g. quercetin, rutin), the flavans/tannins (such as the procyanidins comprising coumarin, proanthocyanidins, catechins, and anthocyanins); flavones; phytoestrogens such as coumestans, lignans, resveratrol, isoflavones e.g., genistein, daidzein, and glycitein; resorcyclic acid lactones; organosulphur compounds; phytosterols; terpenoids such as carnosol, rosmarinic acid, glycyrrhizin and saponins; chlorophyll; chlorphyllin, sugars, anthocyanins, and vanilla.

In other embodiments, plants of the disclosure tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors, relative to a wild-type plant, comprise an increased amount of, or an improved profile of, a compound selected from the group consisting of: vincristine, vinblastine, taxanes (e.g., taxol (paclitaxel), baccatin III, 10-desacetylbaccatin III, 10-desacetyl taxol, xylosyl taxol, 7-epitaxol, 7-epibaccatin III, 10-desacetylcephalomannine, 7-epicephalomannine, taxotere, cephalomannine, xylosyl cephalomannine, taxagifine, 8-benxoyloxy taxagifine, 9-acetyloxy taxusin, 9-hydroxy taxusin, taiwanxam, taxane Ia, taxane Ib, taxane Ic, taxane Id, GMP paclitaxel, 9-dihydro 13-acetylbaccatin III, 10-desacetyl-7-epitaxol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), genistein, diadzein, codeine, morphine, quinine, shikonin, ajmalacine, serpentine, and the like.

The present disclosure also encompasses progeny of the plants of the disclosure as well as seeds derived from the herbicide-tolerant plants of the disclosure and cells derived from the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention.

In various embodiments, plants hereof can be used to produce plant products. Thus, a method for preparing a descendant seed comprises planting a seed of a capable of producing a plant hereof, growing the resulting plant, and harvesting descendant seed thereof. In some embodiments, such a method can further comprise applying an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide composition to the resulting plant. Similarly, a method for producing a derived product from a plant hereof can comprise processing a plant part thereof to obtain a derived product. In some embodiments, such a method can be used to obtain a derived product that is any of, e.g., fodder, feed, seed meal, oil, or seed-treatment-coated seeds. Seeds, treated seeds, and other plant products obtained by such methods are useful products that can be commercialized.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides production of food products, consumer products, industrial products, and veterinary products from any of the plants described herein.

Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase Enzymes

The present disclosure provides plants expressing acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes with amino acid sequences that differ from the amino acid sequence of the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme found in the corresponding wild-type plant. For ease of understanding, the amino acid numbering system used herein will be the numbering system used for the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase from Alopecurus myosuroides [Huds.] (also referred to as black grass). The mRNA sequence encoding the A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase is available at GenBank accession number AJ310767 and the protein sequence is available at GenBank accession no. CAC84161 both of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference. The number of the amino acid referred to will be followed with (Am) to indicate the amino acid in the Alopecurus myosuroides sequence to which the amino acid corresponds. FIG. 18 provides Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase amino acid sequence (GenBank accession no. CAC84161). Amino acids that may be altered in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure are indicated in bold double underline, and FIG. 19 depicts the amino acid sequence of wild-type Oryza sativa acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases aligned with Alopecurus myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase with some critical residues denoted.

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,781(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an isoleucine at position 1,781(Am) (11781). The 1,781(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than isoleucine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, leucine (I1781L), valine (I1781V), threonine (I1781T) and alanine (I1781A). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a leucine at position 1,781(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,785(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an alanine at position 1,785(Am) (A1785). The 1,785(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than alanine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, glycine (A1785G). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,786(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an alanine at position 1,786(Am) (A1786). The 1,786(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than alanine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, proline (A1786P). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,811(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an isoleucine at position 1,811(Am) (I1811). The 1,811(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than isoleucine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, asparagine (I1811N). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,824(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a glutamine at position 1,824(Am) (Q1824). The 1,824(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than glutamine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, proline (Q1824P). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a proline at position 1,824(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,864(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a valine at position 1,864(Am) (V1864). The 1,864(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than valine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, phenylalanine (V1864F). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,999(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a tryptophan at position 1,999(Am) (W1999). The 1,999(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than tryptophan at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, cysteine (W1999C) and glycine (W1999G). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,999(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,027(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a tryptophan at position 2,027(Am)(W2027). The 2,027(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than tryptophan at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, cysteine (W2027C) and arginine (W2027R). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a cysteine at position 2,027(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,039(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a glutamic acid at position 2,039(Am) (E2039). The 2,039(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than glutamic acid at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, glycine (E2039G). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an glycine at position 2,039(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,041(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am) (12041). The 2,041(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than isoleucine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, asparagine (I2041N), or valine (I2041V). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,049(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an valine at position 2,049(Am) (V2049). The 2,049(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure willhave an amino acid other than valine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, phenylalanine (V2049F), isoleucine (V20491) and leucine (V2049L). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an phenylalanine at position 2,049(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,059(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an alanine at position 2,059(Am) (A2059). The 2,059(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure willhave an amino acid other than an alanine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, valine (A2059V). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a valine at position 2,059(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2074(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a tryptophan at position 2074(Am) (W2074). The 2,074(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than tryptophan at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, leucine (W2074L). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a leucine at 2074(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,075(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a valine at position 2,075(Am) (V2075). The 2,075(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than valine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, methionine (V2075M), leucine (V2075L) and isoleucine (V20751). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,075(Am). In some embodiments, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a valine at position 2075(Am) and an additional valine immediately after position 2075(Am) and before the valine at position 2076(Am), i.e., may have three consecutive valines where the wild-type enzyme has two.

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,078(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has an aspartate at position 2,078(Am) (D2078). The 2,078(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than aspartate at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, lysine (D2,078K), glycine (D2078G), or threonine (D2078T). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a glycine at position 2,078(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,079(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a serine at position 2,079(Am) (S2079). The 2,079(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than serine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, phenylalanine (52079F). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,080(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a lysine at position 2,080(Am) (K2080). The 2,080(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than lysine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, glutamic acid (K2080E). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am). In another embodiment, acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a deletion of this position (42080).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,081(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a isoleucine at position 2,081(Am) (12081). The 2,081(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than isoleucine at this position. In one embodiment, acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a deletion of this position (A2081).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,088(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a cysteine at position 2,088(Am) (C2088). The 2,088(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than cysteine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, arginine (C2088R), tryptophan (C2088W), phenylalanine (C2088F), glycine (C2088G), histidine (C2088H), lysine (C2088K), serine (C2088S), threonine (C2088T), leucine (C2088L) or valine (C2088V). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an arginine at position 2,088(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,095(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a lysine at position 2,095(Am) (K2095). The 2,095(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than lysine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, glutamic acid (K2095E). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,096(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a glycine at position 2,096(Am) (G2096). The 2,096(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than glycine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, alanine (G2096A), or serine (G2096S). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an alanine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,098(Am). Wild-type A. myosuroides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase has a valine at position 2,098(Am) (V2098). The 2,098(Am) ACCase mutants of the disclosure will have an amino acid other than valine at this position. Suitable examples of amino acids that may be found at this position in the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, alanine (V2098A), glycine (V2098G), proline (V2098P), histidine (V2098H), serine (V2098S) or cysteine (V2098C). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme of the disclosure will have an alanine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure which differs from the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the corresponding wild-type plant at only one of the following positions: 1,781(Am), 1,785(Am), 1,786(Am), 1,811(Am), 1,824(Am), 1,864(Am), 1,999(Am), 2,027(Am), 2,039(Am), 2,041(Am), 2,049(Am), 2,059(Am), 2,074(Am), 2,075(Am), 2,078(Am), 2,079(Am), 2,080(Am), 2,081(Am), 2,088(Am), 2,095(Am), 2,096(Am), or 2,098(Am). In one embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 2,078(Am), 2,088(Am), or 2,075(Am). In a preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions:2,039(Am), 2,059(Am), 2,080(Am), or 2,095(Am). In a more preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of a herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions:1,785(Am), 1,786(Am), 1,811(Am), 1,824(Am), 1,864(Am), 2,041(Am), 2,049(Am), 2,074(Am), 2,079(Am), 2,081(Am), 2,096(Am), or 2,098(Am). In a most preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 1,781(Am), 1,999(Am), 2,027(Am), 2,041(Am), or 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will have only one of the following substitutions: an isoleucine at position 2,075(Am), glycine at position 2,078(Am), or arginine at position 2,088(Am). In a preferred embodiment, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will have only one of the following substitutions: a glycine at position 2,039(Am), valine at position 2,059(Am), methionine at position 2,075(Am), duplication of position 2,075(Am) (i.e., an insertion of valine between 2,074(Am) and 2,075(Am), or an insertion of valine between position 2,075(Am) and 2,076(Am)), deletion of amino acid position 2,080(Am), glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), deletion of position 2,081(Am), or glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In a more preferred embodiment, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will have only one of the following substitutions: a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a leucine at position 2,075(Am), a methionine at position 2,075(Am), a threnonine at position 2,078(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), a tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a serine at position 2,096(Am), an alanine at position 2,096(Am), an alanine at position 2,098(Am), a glycine at position 2,098(Am), an histidine at position 2,098(Am), a proline at position 2,098(Am), or a serine at position 2,098(Am). In a most preferred embodiment, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will have only one of the following substitutions: a leucine at position 1,781(Am), a threonine at position 1,781(Am), a valine at position 1,781(Am), an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), an arginine at position 2,027(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a valine at position 2,041(Am), an alanine at position 2,096(Am), and a serine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having only one of the following substitutions: isoleucine at position 2,075(Am), glycine at position 2,078(Am), or arginine at position 2,088(Am) are used transgenically. In another embodiment, a monocot plant cell is transformed with an expression vector construct comprising the nucleic acid encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having only one of the following substitutions: isoleucine at position 2,075(Am), glycine at position 2,078(Am), or arginine at position 2,088(Am).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides rice plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at only one amino acid position as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides BEP clade plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at only one amino acid position as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides BET subclade plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at only one amino acid position as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides BET crop plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at only one amino acid position as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at only one amino acid position as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at amino acid position 1,781(Am), wherein the amino acid at position 1,781(Am) differs from that of wild type and is not leucine.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at amino acid position 1,999(Am), wherein the amino acid at position 1,999(Am) differs from that of wild type and is not cysteine.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at amino acid position 2,027 (Am), wherein the amino acid at position 2,027(Am) differs from that of wild type and is not cysteine.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at amino acid position 2,041(Am), wherein the amino acid at position 2,041(Am) differs from that of wild type and is not valine or asparagine.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptides having a substitution at amino acid position 2,096(Am), wherein the amino acid at position 2,096(Am) differs from that of wild type and is not alanine.

The present disclosure also provides acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes with an amino acid sequence that differs in more than one amino acid position from that of the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme found in the corresponding wild-type plant. For example, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure may differ in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 positions from that of the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme found in the corresponding wild-type plant.

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,781(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the present disclosure will typically have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine, or an additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a proline at position 1824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine at position 2039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine, leucine or isoleucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a valine at position 2059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine methionine, or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glutamic acid or a deletion at position 2080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), and an alanine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,785(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a deletion at position 2,081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine at position 1,785(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,786(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a proline at position 1,786(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a deletion at position 2,081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a proline at position 1,786(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,811(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a deletion at position 2,081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,824(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a proline at position 1,824(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,864(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 1,999(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a cysteine or a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a deletion at position 2,081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,027(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and have a proline at position 1,824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and have a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and have a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and have a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a glutamic acid or deletion at position 2,080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a deletion at position 2,081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,039(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a glycine at position 2,039(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,041(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a proline at position 1824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a glycine at position 2039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a glutamic acid or a deletion at position 2080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an asparagine at position 2,041(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,049(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a proline at position 1824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a glycine at position 2039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a valine at position 2059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine methionine, or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a glutamic acid or a deletion at position 2080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,059(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a valine at position 2,059(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine or tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,074(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a proline at position 1824(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1864(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a cysteine or an arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a glycine at position 2039(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a phenylalanine, leucine or isoleucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a valine at position 2059(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine methionine, or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2079(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a glutamic acid or a deletion at position 2080(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine at position 2,074(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,075(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, a valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and have an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and an arginine or tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,078(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, a valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a leucine, a threonine or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,079(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,080(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a glutamic acid or a deletion at position 2,080(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,081(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a deletion at position 2,081(Am, In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,088(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine or tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,095(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine or tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,096(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a leucine, a threonine or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and an an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am) and an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure differs from the corresponding wild-type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase at amino acid position 2,098(Am) and at one or more additional amino acid positions. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes of the disclosure will typically have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am). In addition, enzymes of this embodiment will also comprise one or more of a leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a proline at position 1,824(Am), a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am), a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am), a glycine at position 2,039(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am), a valine at position 2,059(Am), a leucine at position 2,074(Am), a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am), a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am), a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), an arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am), a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am), and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine, a threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a glycine at position 1,785(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a proline at position 1,786(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and an asparagine at position 1,811(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and an isoleucine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine at position 2,074(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and a glycine or threonine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and an arginine or tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure will have an alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, cysteine, or serine at position 2,098(Am) and an alanine or serine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, the disclosure includes acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an isoleucine at position 2,075(Am) and a glycine at position 1,999(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a methionine at position 2,075(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a methionine at position 2,075(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a valine at position 2,041(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and an alanine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a cysteine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a serine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a threonine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a proline at position at position 2,079(Am); and acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a glycine at position 2,088(Am).

In a preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and an arginine at position 2027(Am); and acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am).

In a more preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a histidine at position 2088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a lysine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a threonine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a glycine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a histidine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and leucine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a serine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and threonine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a valine at position 2,088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a cysteine at position 2,098(Am) and a tryptophan at position 2088(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a serine at position 2,098(Am) and a tryptophan at position 2088(Am); and acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a deletion at position 2,080(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am).

In a most preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a asparagine at position 2,041(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine at position 2,027(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a leucine at position 2,075(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine at position 2098(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine at position 2,098(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a duplication 2,075(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and isoleucine at position 2,049(Am); acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and leucine at position 2,075(Am); and acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylases having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and alanine at position 2,098(Am).

Nucleic Acid Molecules

The present disclosure also encompasses nucleic acid molecules that encode all or a portion of the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes described above. Nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence comprising a modified version of one or both of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3, wherein the sequence is modified such that the encoded protein comprises one or more of the following: the amino acid at position 1,781(Am) is leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine; the amino acid at position 1,785(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 1,786(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,811(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 1,824(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,864(Am) is phenylalanine; the amino acid at position 1,999(Am) is cysteine or glycine; the amino acid at position 2,027(Am) is cysteine or arginine; the amino acid at position 2,039(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 2,041(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 2049(Am) is phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine; the amino acid at position 2,059(Am) is valine; the amino acid at position 2,074(Am) is leucine; the amino acid at position 2,075(Am) is leucine, isoleucine, methionine or additional valine; the amino acid at position 2,078(Am) is glycine, or threonine; the amino acid at position 2,079(Am) is phenylalnine; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,081(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,088(Am) is arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine; the amino acid at position 2,095(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,096(Am) is alanine, or serine; or the amino acid at position 2,098(Am) is alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, or serine, as well as nucleic acid molecules complementary to all or a portion of the coding sequences. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having multiple differences from the wild type acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase as described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase which differs from the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the corresponding wild-type plant at only one of the following positions: 1,781(Am), 1,785(Am), 1,786(Am), 1,811(Am), 1,824(Am), 1,864(Am), 1,999(Am), 2,027(Am), 2,039(Am), 2,041(Am), 2,049(Am), 2,059(Am), 2,074(Am), 2,075(Am), 2,078(Am), 2,079(Am), 2,080(Am), 2,081(Am), 2,088(Am), 2,095(Am), 2,096(Am), or 2,098(Am). In one embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 2,078(Am), 2,088(Am), or 2,075(Am). In a preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 2,039(Am), 2,059(Am), 2,080(Am), or 2,095(Am). In a more preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 1,785(Am), 1,786(Am), 1,811(Am), 1,824(Am), 1,864(Am), 2,041(Am), 2,049(Am), 2,074(Am), 2,079(Am), 2,081(Am), 2,096(Am), or 2,098(Am). In a most preferred embodiment the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of an herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure will differ at only one of the following positions: 1,781(Am), 1,999(Am), 2,027(Am), 2,041(Am), or 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having only one of the following substitutions: isoleucine at position 2,075(Am), glycine at position 2,078(Am), or arginine at position 2,088(Am). In a preferred embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having only one of the following substitutions: glycine at position 2,039(Am), valine at position 2,059(Am), methionine at position 2,075(Am), duplication of position 2,075(Am) (i.e., an insertion of valine between 2,074(Am) and 2,075(Am), or an insertion of valine between position 2,075(Am) and 2,076(Am), deletion of amino acid position 2,088(Am), glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am), deletion of position 2,088(Am), or glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am). In a more preferred embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having only one of the following substitutions: a glycine at position 1,785(Am), a proline at position 1,786(Am), an asparagine at position 1,811(Am), a leucine at position 2,075(Am), a methionine at position 2,075(Am), a threnonine at position 2,078(Am), a deletion at position 2,080(Am), a deletion at position 2,081(Am), a tryptophan at position 2,088(Am), a serine at position 2,096(Am), an alanine at position 2,096(Am), an alanine at position 2,098(Am), a glycine at position 2,098(Am), an histidine at position 2,098(Am), a proline at position 2,098(Am), or a serine at position 2,098(Am). In a most preferred embodiment, the present disclosure emcompasses a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having only one of the following substitutions: a leucine at position 1,781(Am), a threonine at position 1,781(Am), a valine at position 1,781(Am), an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a glycine at position 1,999(Am), a cysteine at position 2,027(Am), an arginine at position 2,027(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), a valine at position 2,041(Am), an alanine at position 2,096(Am), and a serine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine or glycine at position 1,999(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine or arginine at position 2,027(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine at position 2,049(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a leucine or isoleucine at position 2,075(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine at position 2,078(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an arginine at position 2,088(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine at position 2,096(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine at position 2,098(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a cysteine at position 2,027(Am), and an asparagine at position 2,041(Am). In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase comprising a leucine, threonine, valine, or an alanine at position 1,781(Am), a cysteine at position 2,027(Am), an asparagine at position 2,041(Am), and an alanine at position 2,096(Am).

In one embodiment, the disclosure includes a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an isoleucine at position 2,075(Am) and a glycine at position 1,999(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a methionine at position 2,075(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,080(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a methionine at position 2,075(Am) and a glutamic acid at position 2,095(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a valine at position 2,041(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a glycine at position 2,039(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and an alanine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a cysteine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a serine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a threonine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a valine at position 2,059(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,079(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a proline at position at position 2,079(Am); or a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a glycine at position 2,088(Am).

In a preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and an arginine at position 2027(Am); or a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,078(Am) and a proline at position 1,824(Am).

In a more preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a histidine at position 2088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a lysine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a leucine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having an alanine at position 2,098(Am) and a threonine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a glycine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a histidine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and leucine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a serine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and threonine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 2,098(Am) and a valine at position 2,088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a cysteine at position 2,098(Am) and a tryptophan at position 2088(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a serine at position 2,098(Am) and a tryptophan at position 2088(Am); or a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a deletion at position 2,080(Am) and a deletion at position 2081(Am).

In a most preferred embodiment, the disclosure includes a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a asparagine at position 2,041(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a cysteine at position 2,027(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a leucine at position 2,075(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and an alanine at position 2098(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a glycine at position 2,098(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a leucine at position 1,781(Am) and a duplication 2,075(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and a phenylalanine at position 1,864(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and isoleucine at position 2,049(Am); a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and leucine at position 2,075(Am); or a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase having a glycine at position 1,999(Am) and alanine at position 2,098(Am).

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides rice plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having one or more substitutions as described above.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides BEP clade plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having one or more substitutions as described above.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides BET subclade plant comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having one or more substitutions as described above.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides BET crop plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having one or more substitutions as described above.

In one embodiment, the disclosure provides monocot plants comprising nucleic acids encoding Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase polypeptide having one or more substitutions as described above.

A nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may be DNA, derived from genomic DNA or cDNA, or RNA. A nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may be naturally occurring or may be synthetic. A nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure may be isolated, recombinant and/or mutagenized.

In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure encodes an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme in which the amino acid at position 1,781(Am) is leucine or alanine or is complementary to such a nucleic acid molecule. Such nucleic acid molecules include, but are not limited to, genomic DNA that serves as a template for a primary RNA transcription, a plasmid molecule encoding the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase, as well as an mRNA encoding such an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase.

Nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure may comprise non-coding sequences, which may or may not be transcribed. Non-coding sequences that may be included in the nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, 5′ and 3′ UTRs, polyadenylation signals and regulatory sequences that control gene expression (e.g., promoters). Nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure may also comprise sequences encoding transit peptides, protease cleavage sites, covalent modification sites and the like. In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure encode a chloroplast transit peptide sequence in addition to a sequence encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme.

In another embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure may encode an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme having at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or more sequence identity to a modified version of one or both of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3, wherein the sequence is modified such that the encoded protein comprises one or more of the following: the amino acid at position 1,781(Am) is leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine; the amino acid at position 1,785(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 1,786(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,811(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 1,824(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,864(Am) is phenylalanine; the amino acid at position 1,999(Am) is cysteine or glycine; the amino acid at position 2,027(Am) is cysteine or arginine; the amino acid at position 2,039(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 2,041(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 2049(Am) is phenylalanine, leucine or isoleucine; the amino acid at position 2,059(Am) is valine; the amino acid at position 2,074(Am) is leucine; the amino acid at position 2,075(Am) is leucine, isoleucine or methionine or an additional valine; the amino acid at position 2,078(Am) is glycine, or threonine; the amino acid at position 2,079(Am) is phenylalnine; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,081(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,088(Am) is arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine; the amino acid at position 2,095(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,096(Am) is alanine, or serine; or the amino acid at position 2,098(Am) is alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, or serine, as well as nucleic acid molecules complementary to all or a portion of the coding sequences.

As used herein, “percent (%) sequence identity” is defined as the percentage of nucleotides or amino acids in the candidate derivative sequence identical with the nucleotides or amino acids in the subject sequence (or specified portion thereof), after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, as generated by the program BLAST available at http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi with search parameters set to default values.

The present disclosure also encompasses nucleic acid molecules that hybridize to nucleic acid molecules encoding acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure as well as nucleic acid molecules that hybridize to the reverse complement of nucleic acid molecules encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure comprise nucleic acid molecules that hybridize to a nucleic acid molecule encoding one or more of a modified version of one or both of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3, wherein the sequence is modified such that the encoded protein comprises one or more of the following: the amino acid at position 1,781(Am) is leucine, threonine, valine, or alanine; the amino acid at position 1,785(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 1,786(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,811(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 1,824(Am) is proline; the amino acid at position 1,864(Am) is phenylalanine; the amino acid at position 1,999(Am) is cysteine or glycine; the amino acid at position 2,027(Am) is cysteine or arginine; the amino acid at position 2,039(Am) is glycine; the amino acid at position 2,041(Am) is asparagine; the amino acid at position 2049(Am) is phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine; the amino acid at position 2,059(Am) is valine; the amino acid at position 2,074(Am) is leucine; the amino acid at position 2,075(Am) is leucine, isoleucine or methionine or an additional valine; the amino acid at position 2,078(Am) is glycine, or threonine; the amino acid at position 2,079(Am) is phenylalnine; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,080(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,081(Am) is deleted; the amino acid at position 2,088(Am) is arginine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, leucine, serine, threonine, or valine; the amino acid at position 2,095(Am) is glutamic acid; the amino acid at position 2,096(Am) is alanine, or serine; or the amino acid at position 2,098(Am) is alanine, glycine, proline, histidine, or serine, as well as nucleic acid molecules complementary to all or a portion of the coding sequences, or the reverse complement of such nucleic acid molecules under stringent conditions. The stringency of hybridization can be controlled by temperature, ionic strength, pH, and the presence of denaturing agents such as formamide during hybridization and washing. Stringent conditions that may be used include those defined in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. 1, Chap. 2.10, John Wiley & Sons, Publishers (1994) and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor (1989) which are specifically incorporated herein as they relate to teaching stringent conditions.

Any of the mutants described above in a plasimd with a combinatinon of the gene of interest can be used in transformation.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides expression vectors comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding any of the ACCase mutants described above.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for the use of mutant ACCase nucleic acids and proteins encoded by such mutant ACCase nucleic acids as described above as selectable markers.

In one embodiment, nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure encompass oligonucleotides that may be used as hybridization probes, sequencing primers, and/or PCR primers. Such oligonucleotides may be used, for example, to determine a codon sequence at a particular position in a nucleic acid molecule encoding an acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase, for example, by allele specific PCR. Such oligonucleotides may be from about 15 to about 30, from about 20 to about 30, or from about 20-25 nucleotides in length.

Test for double mutant ACCase genes “DBLM Assay”:

(1) In a test population (of, e.g., at least 12 and preferably at least 20) whole rice plants containing 1 or 2 copies of a transgenic ACCase gene encoding an at-least-double-mutant ACCase (i.e. 1 min. and 2 max. chromosomal insertions of the transgenic ACCase gene to be tested),

wherein the rice plants are TO (“T-zero”) regenerants

and in parallel with a control population of such plants to be used as untreated check plants;

(2) Application to the test population at 200 L/ha spray volume of a composition comprising Tepraloxydim (AI) and 1% Crop Oil Concentrate (COC), to provide an AI application rate equivalent to 50 g/ha of Tepraloxydim (AI);

(3) Determining a phytotoxicity score for each test and check plant, based on a traditional plant injury rating system (e.g., evaluating visual evidence of herbicide burn, leaf morphology changes, wilt, yellowing, and other morphological characteristics, preferably according to a typical, at least-5-level injury rating scale);

(4) Analyzing the collected data to determine whether at least 75% of the plants in the test population exhibit an average phytotoxicity, i.e. increase in injury relative to check plants, of less than 10%; and

(5) Identifying a positive result so determined as demonstrating that the double-mutant ACCase provides an acceptable AIT.

Herbicides

The present disclosure provides plants, e.g., rice plants, that are tolerant of concentrations of herbicide that normally inhibit the growth of wild-type plants. The plants are typically resistant to herbicides that interfere with acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity. Any herbicide that inhibits acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity can be used in conjunction with the plants of the invention. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, cyclohexanedione herbicides, aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides, and phenylpyrazole herbicides. In some methods of controlling weeds and/or growing herbicide-tolerant plants, at least one herbicide is selected from the group consisting of sethoxydim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P or a derivative of any of these herbicides.

Table 1 provides a list of cyclohexanedione herbicides (DIMs, also referred to as: cyclohexene oxime cyclohexanedione oxime; and CHD) that interfere with acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity and may be used in conjunction with the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that other herbicides in this class exist and may be used in conjunction with the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention. Also included in Table 1 is a list of aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides (also referred to as aryloxyphenoxy propanoate; aryloxyphenoxyalkanoate; oxyphenoxy; APP; AOPP; APA; APPA; FOP, note that these are sometime written with the suffix ‘-oic’) that interfere with acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase activity and may be used in conjunction with the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that other herbicides in this class exist and may be used in conjunction with the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention.

TABLE 1 ACCase Inhibitor Class Company Examples of Synonyms and Trade Names alloxydim DIM BASF Fervin, Kusagard, NP-48Na, BAS 9021H, Carbodimedon, Zizalon butroxydim DIM Syngenta Falcon, ICI-A0500, Butroxydim clethodim DIM Valent Select, Prism, Centurion, RE-45601, Motsa Clodinafop-propargyl FOP Syngenta Discover, Topik, CGA 184 927 clofop FOP Fenofibric Acid, Alopex cloproxydim FOP chlorazifop FOP cycloxydim DIM BASF Focus, Laser, Stratos, BAS 517H cyhalofop-butyl FOP Dow Clincher, XDE 537, DEH 112, Barnstorm diclofop-methyl FOP Bayer Hoegrass, Hoelon, Illoxan, HOE 23408, Dichlorfop, Illoxan fenoxaprop-P-ethyl FOP Bayer Super Whip, Option Super, Exel Super, HOE-46360, Aclaim, Puma S, Fusion fenthiaprop FOP Taifun; Joker fluazifop-P-butyl FOP Syngenta Fusilade, Fusilade 2000, Fusilade DX, ICI-A 0009, ICI-A 0005, SL-236, IH-773B, TF-1169, Fusion haloxyfop-etotyl FOP Dow Gallant, DOWCO 453EE haloxyfop-methyl FOP Dow Verdict, DOWCO 453ME haloxyfop-P-methyl FOP Dow Edge, DE 535 isoxapyrifop FOP Metamifop FOP Dongbu NA pinoxaden DEN Syngenta Axial profoxydim DIM BASF Aura, Tetris, BAS 625H, Clefoxydim propaquizafop FOP Syngenta Agil, Shogun, Ro 17-3664, Correct quizalofop-P-ethyl FOP DuPont Assure, Assure II, DPX-Y6202-3, Targa Super, NC-302, Quizafop quizalofop-P-tefuryl Uniroyal Pantera, UBI C4874 sethoxydim DIM BASF Poast, Poast Plus, NABU, Fervinal, NP-55, Sertin, BAS 562H, Cyethoxydim, Rezult tepraloxydim DIM BASF BAS 620H, Aramo, Caloxydim tralkoxydim DIM Syngenta Achieve, Splendor, ICI-A0604, Tralkoxydime, Tralkoxidym trifop FOP

In addition to the herbicides listed above, other ACCase-inhibitors can be used in conjunction with the herbicide-tolerant plants of the invention. For example, ACCase-inhibiting herbicides of the phenylpyrazole class, also known as DENs, can be used. An exemplary DEN is pinoxaden, which is a phenylpyrazoline-type member of this class. Herbicide compositions containing pinoxaden are sold under the brands Axial and Traxos.

The herbicidal compositions hereof comprising one or more acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides, and optionally other agronomic A.I.(s), e.g., one or more sulfonylureas (SUs) selected from the group consisting of amidosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosulfuron, thifensulfuron, and tribenuron, agronomically acceptable salts and esters thereof, or one or more imidazolinones selected from the group of imazamox, imazethapyr, imazapyr, imazapic, combinations thereof, and their agriculturally suitable salts and esters, can be used in any agronomically acceptable format. For example, these can be formulated as ready-to-spray aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions; as concentrated or highly concentrated aqueous, oily or other solutions, suspensions or dispersions; as emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, granules, or other broadcastable formats. The herbicide compositions can be applied by any means known in the art, including, for example, spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, watering, seed treatment, or co-planting in admixture with the seed. The use forms depend on the intended purpose; in any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active ingredients according to the invention.

In other embodiments, where the optional A.I. includes an herbicide from a different class to which the plant(s) hereof would normally be susceptible, the plant to be used is selected from among those that further comprise a trait of tolerance to such herbicide. Such further tolerance traits can be provided to the plant by any method known in the art, e.g., including techniques of traditional breeding to obtain a tolerance trait gene by hybridization or introgression, of mutagenesis, and/or of transformation. Such plants can be described as having “stacked” traits.

In addition, any of the above acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides can be combined with one or more herbicides of another class, for example, any of the acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides, EPSP synthase-inhibiting herbicides, glutamine synthase-inhibiting herbicides, lipid- or pigment-biosynthesis inhibitor herbicides, cell-membrane disruptor herbicides, photosynthesis or respiration inhibitor herbicides, or growth regulator or growth inhibitor herbicides known in the art. Non-limiting examples include those recited in Weed Science Society of America's Herbicide Handbook, 9th Edition edited by S.A. Senseman, copy right 2007. An herbicidal composition herein can contain one or more agricultural active ingredient(s) selected from the agriculturally-acceptable fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, insecticides (including nematicides), miticides, and molluscicides. Non-limiting examples include those recited in 2009 Crop Protection Reference (www.greenbook.net), Vance Publications.

In one embodiment of the invention, any of the above acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides are combined with herbicides which exhibit low damage to rice, whereby the rice tolerance to such herbicides may optionally be a result of genetic modifications of the crop plants. Examples of such herbicides are the acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flucetosulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron, orthosulfamuron, propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, bispyribac, pyrimisulfan or penoxsulam, the EPSP synthase-inhibiting herbicides glyphosate or sulfosate, the glutamine synthase-inhibiting herbicides glufosinate, glufosinate-P or bialaphos, the lipid biosynthesis inhibitor herbicides benfuresate, molinate or thiobencarb, the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides bentazon, paraquat, prometryn or propanil, the bleacher herbicides benzobicyclone, clomazone or tefuryltrione, the auxin herbicides 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, MCPA, quinclorac, quinmerac or triclopyr, the microtubule inhibitor herbicide pendimethalin, the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides anilofos, butachlor, fentrazamide, ipfencarbazone, mefenacet, pretilachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor or S-metolachlor or the protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase inhibitor herbicides carfentrazone, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, pyraclonil or saflufenacil.

In one embodiment of the invention, any of the above acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides are combined with herbicides which exhibit low damage to cereals such as wheat, barley or rye, whereby the cereals tolerance to such herbicides may optionally be a result of genetic modifications of the crop plants. Examples of such herbicides are the acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tritosulfuron, florasulam, pyroxsulam, pyrimisulfan, flucarbazone, propoxycarbazone or thiencarbazone, the EPSP synthase-inhibiting herbicides glyphosate or sulfosate, the glutamine synthase-inhibiting herbicides glufosinate, glufosinate-P or bialaphos, the lipid biosynthesis inhibitor herbicides prosulfocarb, the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides bentazon, chlorotoluron, isoproturon, ioxynil, bromoxynil, the bleacher herbicides diflufenican, flurtamone, picolinafen or pyrasulfotole, the auxin herbicides aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, dicamba, fluroxypyr, MCPA, clopyralid, MCPP, or MCPP-P, the microtubule inhibitor herbicides pendimethalin or trifluralin, the VLCFA inhibitor herbicide flufenacet, or the protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase inhibitor herbicides bencarbazone, carfentrazone or saflufenacil, or the herbicide difenzoquat.

In one embodiment of the invention, any of the above acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides are combined with herbicides which exhibit low damage to turf, whereby the turf tolerance to such herbicides may optionally be a result of genetic modifications of the crop plants. Examples of such herbicides are the acetohydroxyacid synthase-inhibiting herbicides imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, bispyribac or thiencarbazone, the EPSP synthase-inhibiting herbicides glyphosate or sulfosate, the glutamine synthase-inhibiting herbicides glufosinate, glufosinate-P or bialaphos, the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides atrazine or bentazon, the bleacher herbicides mesotrione, picolinafen, pyrasulfotole or topramezone, the auxin herbicides aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, clopyralid, dicamba, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, fluroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, MCPP, MCPP-P, quinclorac, quinmerac or trichlopyr, the microtubule inhibitor herbicide pendimethalin, the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides dimethenamide, dimethenamide-P or ipfencarbazone, the protoporphyrinogen-IX-oxidase inhibitor herbicides saflufenacil or sulfentrazone, or the herbicide indaziflam.

Furthermore, any of the above acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides can be combined with safeners. Safeners are chemical compounds which prevent or reduce damage on useful plants without having a major impact on the herbicidal action of the herbicides towards unwanted plants. They can be applied either before sowings (e. g. on seed treatments, shoots or seedlings) or in the pre-emergence application or post-emergence application of the useful plant. The safeners and the aforementioned herbicides can be applied simultaneously or in succession. Suitable safeners are e. g. (quinolin-8-oxy)acetic acids, 1-phenyl-5-haloalkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxylic acids, 1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-alkyl-1H-pyrazol-3,5-dicarboxylic acids, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-3-isoxazol carboxylic acids, dichloroacetamides, alpha-oximinophenylacetonitriles, acetophenonoximes, 4,6-dihalo-2-phenylpyrimidines, N-[[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-benzoic amides, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 2-halo-4-(haloalkyl)-5-thiazol carboxylic acids, phosphorthiolates and N-alkyl-O-phenylcarbamates. Examples of saferners are benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3) and 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine (R-29148, CAS 52836-31-4).

In some embodiments, an herbicidal composition hereof can comprise, e.g., a combination of: auxinic herbicide(s), e.g., dicamba; AHAS-inhibitor(s), e.g., imidazolinone(s) and/or sulfonylurea(s); ACCase-inhibitor(s); EPSPS inhibitor(s), e.g., glyphosate; glutamine synthetase inhibitor(s), e.g., glufosinate; protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitor(s), e.g., saflufenacil; fungicide(s), e.g., strobilurin fungicide(s) such as pyraclostrobin; and the like. In some embodiments, an herbicidal composition hereof can comprise, e.g., a combination of auxinic herbicide(s), e.g., dicamba; a microtubule inhibitor herbicide, e.g., pendimethalin and strobilurin fungicide(s) such as pyraclostrobin(s). An herbicidal composition will be selected according to the tolerances of a plant hereof, and the plant can be selected from among those having stacked tolerance traits.

The herbicides individually and/or in combination as described in the present disclosure can be used as pre-mixes or tank mixes. Such herbicides can also be incorporated into agronomically acceptable compositions.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that some of the above mentioned herbicides and/or safeners are capable of forming geometrical isomers, for example E/Z isomers. It is possible to use both, the pure isomers and mixtures thereof, in the compositions according to the invention. Furthermore, some of the above mentioned herbicides and/or safeners have one or more centers of chirality and, as a consequence, are present as enantiomers or diastereomers. It is possible to use both, the pure enantiomers and diastereomers and their mixtures, in the compositions according to the invention. In particular, some of the aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides are chiral, and some of them are commonly used in enantiomerically enriched or enantiopure form, e. g. clodinafop, cyhalofop, fenoxaprop-P, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop-P, metamifop, propaquizafop or quizalofop-P. As a further example, glufosinate may be used in enantiomerically enriched or enantiopure form, also known as glufosinate-P.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that any derivative of the above mentioned herbicides and/or safeners can be used in the practice of the invention, for example agriculturally suitable salts and esters.

The herbicides and/or safeners, or the herbicidal compositions comprising them, can be used, for example, in the form of ready-to-spray aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, also highly concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for broadcasting, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, watering or treatment of the seed or mixing with the seed. The use forms depend on the intended purpose; in any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active ingredients according to the invention.

The herbicidal compositions comprise an herbicidal effective amount of at least one of the acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides and potentially other herbicides and/or safeners and auxiliaries which are customary for the formulation of crop protection agents.

Examples of auxiliaries customary for the formulation of crop protection agents are inert auxiliaries, solid carriers, surfactants (such as dispersants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, wetting agents and tackifiers), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and, for seed formulations, adhesives. The person skilled in the art is sufficiently familiar with the recipes for such formulations.

Examples of thickeners (i.e. compounds which impart to the formulation modified flow properties, i.e. high viscosity in the state of rest and low viscosity in motion) are polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum (Kelzan® from Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) or Veegum® (from R. T. Vanderbilt), and also organic and inorganic sheet minerals, such as Attaclay® (from Engelhardt).

Examples of antifoams are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.

Bactericides can be added for stabilizing the aqueous herbicidal formulations. Examples of bactericides are bactericides based on diclorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas), and also isothiazolinone derivates, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide MBS from Thor Chemie).

Examples of antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea or glycerol.

Examples of colorants are both sparingly water-soluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned are the dyes known under the names Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1, and also pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.

Examples of adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.

Suitable inert auxiliaries are, for example, the following: mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene and diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone or strongly polar solvents, for example amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and water.

Suitable carriers include liquid and solid carriers. Liquid carriers include e.g. non-aqeuos solvents such as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and water as well as mixtures thereof. Solid carriers include e.g. mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders, or other solid carriers.

Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants and also emulsifiers) are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, for example lignosulfonic acids (e.g. Borrespers-types, Borregaard), phenolsulfonic acids, naphthalenesulfonic acids (Morwet types, Akzo Nobel) and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (Nekal types, BASF AG), and of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates, and salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, and also of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl or tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and proteins, denaturated proteins, polysaccharides (e.g. methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol types Clariant), polycarboxylates (BASF AG, Sokalan types), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamine (BASF AG, Lupamine types), polyethyleneimine (BASF AG, Lupasol types), polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof.

Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can be prepared by mixing or concomitant grinding the active ingredients together with a solid carrier.

Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active ingredients to solid carriers.

Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the herbicidal compositions, either as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates comprising active compound, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if desired, solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.

Rice-Non-Selective ACCase-Inhibitor Herbicides

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for the treatment of rice comprising providing a domestic rice crop plant with at least one herbicide that is a rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting herbicide. The method comprises applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant. In some embodiments said rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting herbicide includes isomers, salts or esters of the rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting herbicide.

Some examples of rice-non-selective ACCase-inhibiting herbicides include, but are not limited to, those shown here in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Name of Example Synonyms, Isomers, Herbicide Class (Synonyms) Active Salts, Esters Example Products Cyclohexene Oxime alloxydim alloxydim-sodium Kusaguard; Fervin Clout (Cyclohexanedione; butroxydim butoxydim Falcon; Factor; Fusion Super Cyclohexanedione oxime; cethoxydim CGA215684 CHD; DIM) clethodim Select; Prism cloproxydim Selectone cycloxydim Focus 10 EC; Focus Ultra; Laser; Stratos Ultra sethoxydim cyethoxydim; sethoxydime Poast; Rezult; Vantage tepraloxydim caloxydim Aramo tralkoxydim Achieve Aryloxyphenoxy Propionate chlorazifop chlorazifop-propargyl; (Aryloxyphenoxyalkanoate; chloroazifop-propynyl APP; AOPP; FOP) clodinafop clodinafop-propargyl Discover; Cowboy; Dynofop; Topik clofop clofop-isobutyl Alopex diclofop Hoelon; Hoegrass fenthiaprop fenthiaprop-ethyl Joker fluazifop fluazifop-P Fusilade DX; Fusion haloxyfop haloxyfop-P Motsa; Verdict isoxapyrifop propaquizafop Correct; Agil 100EC; Falcon; Longhorn; Shogun; Zealot quizalofop quizalofop-P; quizafop; Assure II; Targa quizafop-P; quizalofop-P-ethyl; quizalofop-P-tefuryl trifop trifop-methyl

Field Herbicide Application

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for the treatment of rice comprising providing a domestic rice crop plant in a field and at least one ACCase-inhibiting FOP herbicide. The method comprises applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one FOP herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant.

In other embodiments, the FOP herbicide is quizalofop or an ester thereof quizalofop or an ester thereof (e.g., the ethyl ester thereof). In some further embodiments, the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 14 g AI/Ha. In other further embodiments, the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 or 26 g AI/Ha. In still other further embodiments, the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 28 g AI/Ha. In yet other further embodiments, the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 32, 36 or 40 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, the FOP herbicide is haloxyfop. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of haloxyfop is at least 38 g AI/Ha. In other further embodiments, the effective amount of haloxyfop is at least 44, 50, 56, 62, 66 or 72 g AI/Ha. In still other further embodiments, the effective amount of haloxyfop is at least 76 g AI/Ha. In yet other further embodiments, the effective amount of haloxyfop is at least 82, 88 or 94 g AI/Ha.

In other embodiments, the FOP herbicide is fluazifop or an ester thereof (e.g., the butyl ester thereof). In some further embodiments, the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 56 g AI/Ha. In other further embodiments, the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 65, 74, 83, 92 or 102 g AI/Ha. In still other further embodiments, the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 112 g AI/Ha. In yet other further embodiments, the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 120, 130 or 140 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, the FOP herbicide is clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 11 g AI/Ha. In other further embodiments, the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 13, 15, 17, 19 or 20 g AI/Ha. In still other further embodiments, the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 22 g AI/Ha. In yet other further embodiments, the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 26, 30 or 34 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, the FOP herbicide is diclofop or diclofop-methyl. In some further embodiments, the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 226 g AI/Ha. In other further embodiments, the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 260, 295, 330, 395 or 426 g AI/Ha. In still other further embodiments, the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 452 g AI/Ha. In yet other further embodiments, the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 480, 510 or 540 g AI/Ha.

In some embodiments, providing a domestic rice crop plant relates to planting a seed for the domestic rice crop plant and allowing the domestic rice crop plant to emerge prior to applying an effective amount of the at least one FOP herbicide.

In other embodiments, providing a domestic rice crop plant relates to transplanting the domestic rice crop plant prior to applying an effective amount of the at least one FOP herbicide.

In still other embodiments, providing a domestic rice crop plant relates to the domestic rice crop plant being previously established pre-emergence or post-emergence in a field prior to applying an effective amount of the at least one FOP herbicide post-emergence.

In some embodiments, the domestic rice crop plant was further treated pre-emergence or post-emergence with at least one additional herbicide. In some further embodiments, the at least one additional herbicide is a FOP, DIM, or DEN herbicide. In other further embodiments, the pre-emergence treatment with at least one additional herbicide is a seed coating. In still other further embodiments, the post-emergence treatment with at least one additional herbicide is prior to, concurrent with, or following the applying an effective amount of the at least one FOP herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence. In even other further embodiments, the DIM herbicide is selected from the group consisting of cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, clethodim, and tralkoxydim.

In some embodiments, the field was previously used for the growth of a previous domestic rice crop plant that was not treated with an herbicide.

In other embodiments, the field was previously used for the growth of a previous herbicide-treated domestic rice crop plant. In some further embodiments, the previous herbicide-treated domestic rice crop plant was treated with at least one FOP, DIM, or DEN herbicide. In even other further embodiments, the DIM herbicide is selected from the group consisting of cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, clethodim, and tralkoxydim.

Problem Weed Species

There are a number of weed species that present problems to the commercial cultivation of rice and that can be controlled according to the methods of the present disclosure including, but not limited to, weeds of the genera Echinochloa and Leptochloa.

Exemplary of problem Echinochloa species include, but are not limited to E. colona (common name Jungle rice), E. crus-galli (Barnyard grass), E. crus-pavonis (Gulf barnyard grass, or Gulf cockspur), E. oryzicola (Late Watergrass, or Late Barnyard grass; a.k.a., E. phyllopogon or E. crus-galli var. oryzicola), and E. oryzoides (Early Watergrass, or Early Barnyard grass).

Exemplary of problem Leptochloa species include, but are not limited to L. chinensis (Red sprangletop, Chinese sprangletop, or Asian sprangletop), L. fascicularis (Bearded sprangletop; a.k.a., L. fusca subspecies fascicularis), L. panacea (Mucronate sprangletop; a.k.a., L. mucronata, L. panacea subspecies mucronata, and L. filiformis), and L. panicoides (Amazon sprangletop).

Methods of Controlling Weeds

Herbicide-tolerant plants of the disclosure may be used in conjunction with an herbicide to which they are tolerant. Herbicides may be applied to the plants of the disclosure using any techniques known to those skilled in the art. Herbicides may be applied at any point in the plant cultivation process. For example, herbicides may be applied pre-planting, at planting, pre-emergence, post-emergence or combinations thereof.

Herbicide compositions hereof can be applied, e.g., as foliar treatments, soil treatments, seed treatments, or soil drenches. Application can be made, e.g., by spraying, dusting, broadcasting, or any other mode known useful in the art.

In one embodiment, herbicides may be used to control the growth of weeds that may be found growing in the vicinity of the herbicide-tolerant plants invention. In embodiments of this type, an herbicide may be applied to a plot in which herbicide-tolerant plants of the disclosure are growing in vicinity to weeds. An herbicide to which the herbicide-tolerant plant of the disclosure is tolerant may then be applied to the plot at a concentration sufficient to kill or inhibit the growth of the weed. Concentrations of herbicide sufficient to kill or inhibit the growth of weeds are known in the art.

It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts that other suitable modifications and adaptations to the methods and applications described herein are obvious and may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure or any embodiment thereof. Having now described the present disclosure in detail, the same will be more clearly understood by reference to the following examples, which are included herewith for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Use of Tissue Culture for Selection of Herbicide

Herbicide tolerant crops offer farmers additional options for weed management. Currently, there are genetically modified (GMO) solutions available in some crop systems. Additional, mutational techniques have been used to select for altered enzyme, activities or structures that confer herbicide resistance such as the current CLEARFIELD′ solutions from BASF. In the US, CLEARFIELD Rice is the premier tool for managing red rice in infested areas (USDA-ARS, 2006); however, gene flow between red rice and CLEARFIELD Rice represents a considerable risk for the AHAS tolerance since out-crossing, has been reported at up to 170 Fl hybrids/ha (Shivrain et al, 2007). Stewardship guidelines including, amongst many other aspects, alternation non CLEARFIELD Rice can limit CLEARFIELD Rice market penetration. The generation of cultivated rice with tolerance to a different mode of action (MOA) graminicides would reduce these risks and provide more tools for weed management.

One enzyme that is already a target for many different graminaceous herbicides is acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.2), which catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP or FOP) and cyclohexanedione (CHD or DIM) type herbicides are used post-emergence in dicot crops, with the exception of cyhalofop-butyl which is selective in rice to control grass weeds. Furthermore, most of these herbicides have relatively low persistence in soil and provide growers with flexibility for weed control and crop rotation. Mutations in this enzyme are known that confer tolerance to specific sets of FOPS and/or DIMS (Liu et al, 2007; Delye et al, 2003, 2005).

Tissue culture offers an alternative approach in that single clumps of callus represent hundreds or even thousands of cells, each of which can be selected for a novel trait such as herbicide resistance (Jain, 2001). Mutations arising spontaneously in tissue culture or upon some kind of induction can be directly selected in culture and mutated events selected.

The exploitation of somaclonal variation that is inherent to in vitro tissue culture techniques has been a successful approach to selectively generate mutations that confer DIM and FOP tolerance in corn (Somers, 1996; Somers et al., 1994; Marshal et al., 1992; Parker et al., 1990) and in seashore paspalum (Heckart et al, 2009). In the case of maize, the efficiencies of producing regenerable events can be calculated. In Somers et al, 1994, sethoxydim resistant maize plants were obtained using tissue culture selection. They utilized 100 g of callus and obtained 2 tolerant lines following stepwise selection at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 μM sethoxydim. A calculated mutation rate in their protocol would be 2 lines/100 g of callus or 0.02 lines/g.

In the case of seashore paspalum, Heckert directly utilized a high level of sethoxydim and recovered 3 regenerable lines in approx 10,000 callus pieces or, essentially, a 0.03% rate. While not comparable, these numbers will be later used for comparison with rice tissue culture mutagenesis. In the maize work, calli were constantly culled at each selection stage with only growing callus being transferred; however, in the case of seashore paspalum, all calli were transferred at each subculture.ACCase genes as selectable markers:

Plant transformation involves the use of selectable marker genes to identify the few transformed cells or individuals from the larger group of non-transformed cells or individuals. Selectable marker genes exist, but they are limited in number and availability. Alternative marker genes are required for stacking traits. In addition, the use of a selectable marker gene that confers an agronomic trait (i.e. herbicide resistance) is often desirable. The present disclosure discloses ACCase genes as selectable markers that can be added to the current limited suite of available selectable marker genes. Any of the mutants described herein can be introduced into a plasmid with a gene of interest and tranformed into the whole plant, plant tissue or plant cell for use as selectable markers. A detailed method is outlined in example 7 below. The selectable markers of the inventions may be utilized to produce events that confer field tolerance to a given group of herbicides and other where cross protection has been shown (i.e., FOP's).

Modern, high throughput plant transformation systems require an effective selectable marker system; however, there is a limited number available that are acceptable in the market. Therefore, selection systems which also convey a commercial trait are always valuable. The system described herein is an effective selection system in/for plant cells which also encode for an herbicide tolerance trait suitable for use in any monocotyledonous crop.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for selecting a transformed plant comprising introducing a nucleic acid molecule encoding a gene of interest into a plant cell, wherein the nucleic acid molecule further encodes a mutant acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) in which the amino acid sequence differs from an amino acid sequence of an ACCase of a corresponding wild-type rice plant at one amino acid position; and contacting the plant cells with an ACCase inhibitor to obtain the transformed plant, wherein said mutant ACCase confers upon the transformed plant increased herbicide tolerance as compared to the corresponding wild-type variety of the plant when expressed therein.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of marker-assisted breeding, the method comprising breeding any plant of the disclosure with a second plant; and contacting progeny of the breeding step with an ACCase inhibitor to obtain the progeny comprising said mutant ACCase; wherein said mutant ACCase confers upon the progeny plant increased herbicide tolerance as compared to the second plant.

In one embodiment, a single ACCase gene is linked to a single gene of interest. The ACCase gene may be linked upstream or downstream of the gene of interest.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for the use of ACCase nucleic acid and protein as described above in diagnostic assays. The diagnostic uses for selectable markers described herein can be employed to identify ACCase gene. Diagnostic methods can include PCR methodologies, proteins assays, labeled probes, and any other standard diagnostic methods known in the art.

EXAMPLES Example 1: Tissue Culture Conditions

An in vitro tissue culture mutagenesis assay has been developed to isolate and characterize plant tissue (e.g., rice tissue) that is tolerant to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase inhibiting herbicides, e.g., tepraloxydim, cycloxydim, and sethoxydim. The assay utilizes the somaclonal variation that is found in in vitro tissue culture. Spontaneous mutations derived from somaclonal variation can be enhanced by chemical mutagenesis and subsequent selection in a stepwise manner, on increasing concentrations of herbicide.

The present disclosure provides tissue culture conditions for encouraging growth of friable, embryogenic rice callus that is regenerable. Calli were initiated from 4 different rice cultivars encompassing both Japonica (Taipei 309, Nipponbare, Koshihikari) and Indica (Indica 1) varieties. Dehusked seed were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for approximately 1 min followed by 20% commercial Clorox bleach for 20 minutes. Seeds were rinsed with sterile water and plated on callus induction media. Various callus induction media were tested. The ingredient lists for the media tested are presented in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Ingredient Supplier R001M R025M R026M R327M R008M MS711R B5 Vitamins Sigma 1.0 X MS salts Sigma 1.0 X 1.0 X 1.0 X 1.0 X MS Vitamins Sigma 1.0 X 1.0 X N6 salts Phytotech 4.0 g/L 4.0 g/L N6 vitamins Phytotech 1.0 X 1.0 X L-Proline Sigma 2.9 g/L 0.5 g/L 1.2 g/L Casamino Acids BD 0.3 g/L 0.3 g/L 2 g/L Casein Hydrolysate Sigma 1.0 g/L L-Asp Monohydrate Phytotech 150 mg/L Nicotinic Acid Sigma 0.5 mg/L Pyridoxine HCl Sigma 0.5 mg/L Thiamine HCl Sigma 1.0 mg/L Myo-inositol Sigma 100 mg/L MES Sigma 500 mg/L 500 mg/L 500 mg/L 500 mg/L 500 mg/L 500 mg/L Maltose VWR 30 g/L 30 g/L 30 g/L 30 g/L Sorbitol Duchefa 30 g/L Sucrose VWR 10 g/L 30 g/L NAA Duchefa 50 μg/L 2,4-D Sigma 2.0 mg/L 1.0 mg/L MgCl₂•6H₂O VWR 750 mg/L →pH 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 Gelrite Duchefa 4.0 g/L 2.5 g/L Agarose Type1 Sigma 7.0 g/L 10 g/L 10 g/L →Autoclave 15 min 15 min 15 min 15 min 15 min 20 min Kinetin Sigma 2.0 mg/L 2.0 mg/L NAA Duchefa 1.0 mg/L 1.0 mg/L ABA Sigma 5.0 mg/L Cefotaxime Duchefa 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L Vancomycin Duchefa 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L G418 Disulfate Sigma 20 mg/L 20 mg/L 20 mg/L

R001M callus induction media was selected after testing numerous variations. Cultures were kept in the dark at 30° C. Embryogenic callus was subcultured to fresh media after 10-14 days.

Example 2: Selection of Herbicide-Tolerant Calli

Once tissue culture conditions were determined, further establishment of selection conditions were established through the analysis of tissue survival in kill curves with cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, sethoxydim (FIG. 1) or haloxyfop (not shown). Careful consideration of accumulation of the herbicide in the tissue, as well as its persistence and stability in the cells and the culture media was performed. Through these experiments, a sub-lethal dose has been established for the initial selection of mutated material.

After the establishment of the starting dose of sethoxydim, cycloxydim, tepraloxydim, and haloxyfop in selection media, the tissues were selected in a step-wise fashion by increasing the concentration of the ACCase inhibitor with each transfer until cells are recovered that grew vigorously in the presence of toxic doses (see FIG. 2). The resulting calli were further subcultured every 3-4 weeks to R001M with selective agent. Over 26,000 calli were subjected to selection for 4-5 subcultures until the selective pressure was above toxic levels as determined by kill curves and observations of continued culture. Toxic levels were determined to be 50 μM sethoxydim, 20 μM cycloxydim, 2.5 μM tepraloxydim (FIG. 1) and 10 μM haloxyfop (not shown).

Alternatively, liquid cultures initiated from calli in MS711R (Table 2) with slow shaking and weekly subcultures. Once liquid cultures were established, selection agent was added directly to the flask at each subculture. Following 2-4 rounds of liquid selection, cultures were transferred to filters on solid R001M media for further growth.

Example 3: Regeneration of Plants

Tolerant tissue was regenerated and characterized molecularly for ACCase gene sequence mutations and/or biochemically for altered ACCase activity in the presence of the selective agent.

Following herbicide selection, calli were regenerated using a media regime of R025M for 10-14 days, R026M for ca. 2 weeks, R327M until well formed shoots were developed, and R0085 until shoots were well rooted for transfer to the greenhouse (Table 2). Regeneration was carried out in the light. No selection agent was included during regeneration.

Once strong roots were established, M0 regenerants were transplant to the greenhouse in 4″ square pots in a mixture of sand, NC Sandhills loamy soil, and Redi-earth (2:4:6) supplemented with gypsum. Transplants were maintained under a clear plastic cup until they were adapted to greenhouse conditions (ca. 1 week). The greenhouse was set to a day/night cycle of 27° C./21° C. (80° F./70° F.) with 600W high pressure sodium lights supplementing light to maintain a 14 hour day length. Plants were watered 2-3 times a day depending in the weather and fertilized daily. Rice plants selected for seed increase were transplanted into one gallon pots. As plants approached maturity and prepared to bolt, the pots were placed in small flood flats to better maintain water and nutrient delivery. Plants were monitored for insects and plant health and managed under standard Integrated Pest Management practices.

Example 4: Sequence Analysis

Leaf tissue was collected from clonal plants separated for transplanting and analyzed as individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted using a Wizard® 96 Magnetic DNA Plant System kit (Promega, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,027,945 & 6,368,800) as directed by the manufacturer. Isolated DNA was PCR amplified using one forward and one reverse primer.

Forward Primers: OsACCpU5142: (SEQ ID NO: 7) 5′-GCAAATGATATTACGTTCAGAGCTG-3′ OsACCpU5205: (SEQ ID NO: 8) 5′-GTTACCAACCTAGCCTGTGAGAAG-3′ Reverse Primers: OsACCpL7100: (SEQ ID NO: 9) 5′-GATTTCTTCAACAAGTTGAGCTCTTC-3′ OsACCpL7054: (SEQ ID NO: 10) 5′-AGTAACATGGAAAGACCCTGTGGC-3′

PCR amplification was performed using Hotstar Taq DNA Polymerase (Qiagen) using touchdown thermocycling program as follows: 96° C. for 15 min, followed by 35 cycles (96° C., 30 sec; 58° C.-0.2° C. per cycle, 30 sec; 72° C., 3 min and 30 sec), 10 min at 72° C.

PCR products were verified for concentration and fragment size via agarose gel electrophoresis. Dephosphorylated PCR products were analyzed by direct sequence using the PCR primers (DNA Landmarks). Chromatogram trace files (.scf) were analyzed for mutation relative to Os05g0295300 using Vector NTI Advance 10™ (Invitrogen). Based on sequence information, two mutations were identified in several individuals. I1,781(Am)L and D2,078(Am)G were present in the heterozygous state. Sequence analysis was performed on the representative chromatograms and corresponding AlignX alignment with default settings and edited to call secondary peaks.

Samples inconsistent with an ACCase mutation were spray tested for tolerance and discarded as escapes. Surprisingly, most of the recovered lines were heterozygous for the I1,781(Am)L mutation and resistant events were generated in all tested genotypes using cycloxydim or sethoxydim: Indical (≥18 lines), Taipei 309 (≥14 lines), Nipponbare (≥3 lines), and Koshihikare (≥6 lines). One line was heterozygous for a D2,078(Am)G mutation. The D2,078(Am)G heterozygote line appeared stunted with narrow leaves, while the I1,781(Am)L heterozygotes varied in appearance, but most looked normal relative to their parental genotype. Several escapes were recovered and confirmed by sequencing and spray testing; however, sequencing results of the herbicide sensitive region of ACCase revealed that most tolerant mutants were heterozygous for an I1,781(Am)L, A to T mutation (See Table 4). One line, OsARWI010, was heterozygous for a D2,078(Am)G, A to G mutation. To date, all recovered plants lacking an ACCase mutation have been sensitive to herbicide application in the greenhouse.

TABLE 4 Genotype of Rice Lines Recovered via Tissue Culture Selection ATCC ® Patent Parental Rice Mutation Deposit Line Genotype Type Identified Designation OsARWI1 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L PTA-10568 OsARWI3 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L PTA-10569 OsARWI8 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L PTA-10570 OsARWI10 Indica 1 indica D2078(Am)G NA, sterile OsARWI15 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHI2 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L PTA-10267 OsHPHI3 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHI4 Indica 1 indica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHK1 Koshihikari japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHK2 Koshihikari japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHK3 Koshihikari japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHK4 Koshihikari japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHK6 Koshihikari japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHN1 Nipponbare japonica I1781(Am)L PTA-10571 OsHPHT1 Taipei 309 japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHT4 Taipei 309 japonica I1781(Am)L NA OsHPHT6 Taipei 309 japonica I1781(Am)L NA

Example 5: Demonstration of Herbicide-Tolerance

Selected mutants and escapes were transferred to small pots. Wild-type cultivars and 3 biovars of red rice were germinated from seed to serve as controls.

After ca. 3 weeks post-transplant, M0 regenerants were sprayed using a track sprayer with 400-1600 g ai/ha cycloxydim (BAS 517H) supplemented with 0.1% methylated seed oil. After the plants had adapted to greenhouse conditions, a subset were sprayed with 800 g ai/ha cycloxydim. Once sprayed, plants were kept on drought conditions for 24 hours before being watered and fertilized again. Sprayed plants were photographed and rated for herbicide injury at 1 (FIG. 3) and 2 weeks after treatment (FIG. 4). No injury was observed on plants containing the I1,781(Am)L heterozygous mutation while control plants and tissue culture escapes (regenerated plants negative for the sequenced mutations) were heavily damaged after treatment (FIGS. 3 & 4). FIGS. 5-15 provide nucleic acid and/or amino acid sequences of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase enzymes from various plants. FIG. 17 provides a graph showing results for mutant rice versus various ACCase inhibitors.

Example 6: Herbicide Selection Using Tissue Culture

Media was selected for use and kill curves developed as specified above. For selection, different techniques were utilized. Either a step wise selection was applied, or an immediate lethal level of herbicide was applied. In either case, all of the calli were transferred for each new round of selection. Selection was 4-5 cycles of culture with 3-5 weeks for each cycle. Cali were placed onto nylon membranes to: facilitate transfer (200 micron pore sheets, Biodesign, Saco, Me.). Membranes were cut to fit 100×20 mm Petri dishes and were autoclaved prior to use 25-35 calli (average weight/calli being 22 mg) were utilized in every plate. In addition, one set of calli were subjected to selection in liquid culture media with weekly subcultures followed by further selection on semi-solid media.

Mutant lines were selected using cycloxydim or sethoxydim in 4 different rice genotypes. Efficiencies of obtaining mutants was high either based on a percentage of calli that gave rise to a regenerable, mutant line or the number of lines as determined by the gram of tissue utilized. Overall, the mutation frequency compared to seashore paspalum is 5 fold and compared to maize is 2 fold. In some cases, this difference is much higher (>10 fold) as shown in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5 #/gm Genotype # Calli Selection Mutants Rate Weight (g) callus Indica 1 1865 Cycloxidim 3 0.161% 41.04 0.07 Indica 1 2640 Sethoxydim 3 0.114% 58.08 0.05 Koshi 1800 Cycloxidim 6 0.333% 39.6 0.15 NB 3400 Cycloxidim 1 0.029% 74.8 0.01 NB 725 Sethoxydim 0 0.000% 15.95 0.00 T309 1800 Cycloxidim 8 0.444% 36.9 0.20 T309 1015 Sethoxydim 0 0.000% 22.33 0.00 Total 13245 21 0.159% 291.39 0.07

If the data is analyzed using the criteria of selection, it is possible to see that cylcoxydim selection contributes to a higher rate of mutants isolated than sethoxydim, as shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 #/gm Genotype # Calli Selection Mutants Rate Weight (g) callus Indica 1 1865 Cycloxidim 3 0.161% 41.03 0.07 Koshi 1800 Cycloxidim 6 0.333% 39.6 0.15 NB 3400 Cycloxidim 1 0.029% 74.8 0.01 T309 1800 Cycloxidim 8 0.444% 39.6 0.20 Total 8865 18 0.203% 195.03 0.09 Indica 1 2640 Sethoxydim 3 0.114% 58.08 0.05 NB 725 Sethoxydim 0 0.000% 15.95 0.00 T309 1015 Sethoxydim 0 0.000% 22.33 0.00 Total 4380 3 0.068% 96.36 0.03

Using this analysis, the rate for cycloxydim is almost 10 fold higher than either of the previous reports using sethoxydim selection, whereas rates using sethoxydirn selection are similar to those previously reported. Further, 68% of the lines were confirmed as mutants when selection was on cycloxydim compared to 21% of the lines when selection was on sethoxydim. Increases seem to come from using cycloxydim instead of sethoxydim as a selection agent. Further, the use of membranes made transfer of callus significantly easier than moving each piece individually during subcultures. Over 20 mutants were obtained. Fertility appears to be high with the exception of one mutant that has a mutation known to cause a fitness penalty (D2,078(Am)G).

Example 7: Use of Mutant Accase Genes as Selectable Markers in Plant Transformation Methods:

Indical and Nipponbare rice callus transformation was carried out essentially as described in Hiei and Komari (2008) with the exception of media substitutions as specified (see attached media table for details). Callus was induced on R001M media for 4-8 weeks prior to use in transformation. Agrobacterium utilized was LBA4404(pSB1) (Ishida et al. 1996) transformed with RLM185 (L. Mankin, unpublished: contains DsRed and a mutant AHAS for selection), ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L, ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and W2027C, ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and I2041(Am)N, or ACC gene containing I1781(Am)A or wild type which also contains a mutant AHAS gene for selection. Agrobacterium grown for 1-3 days on solid media was suspended in M-LS-002 medium and the OD₆₆₀ adjusted to approximately 0.1. Callus was immersed in the Agrobacterium solution for approximately 30 minutes. Liquid was removed, and then callus was moved to filter paper for co-culture on semi-solid rice cc media. Co-culture was for 3 days in the dark at 24° C. Filters containing rice callus were directly transferred to R001M media containing Timentin for 1-2 weeks for recovery and cultured in the dark at 30° C. Callus was subdivided onto fresh R001M media with Timentin and supplemented with 100 μM Imazethapyr, 100 μM Cycloxydim or 2.50 μM Tepraloxydim. After 3-4 weeks, callus was transferred to fresh selection media. Following another 3-4 weeks, growing callus was transferred to fresh media and allowed to grow prior to Taqman analysis. Taqman analysis was for the Nos terminator and was conducted to provide for a molecular confirmation of the transgenic nature of the selected calli. Growth of transgenic calli was measured with various selection agents by subculturing calli on media containing either 10 μM Cycloxydim or Haloxyfop, 2.5 μM Tepraloxydim or 100 μM Imazethapry. Calli size was measured from scanned images following initial subculture and then after approximately 1 month of growth.

Transformation of maize immature embryos was carried out essentially as described by Lai et al (submitted). Briefly, immature embryos were co-cultured with the same Agrobacterium strains utilized for rice transformation suspended in M-LS-002 medium to an OD₆₆₀ of 1.0. Co-culture was on Maize CC medium for 3 days in the dark at 22° C. Embryos were removed from co-culture and transferred to M-MS-101 medium for 4-7 days at 27° C. Responding embryos were transferred to M-LS-202 medium for Imazethapyr selection or M-LS-213 media supplemented with either 1 μM Cycloxydim or 0.750 μM Tepraloxydim. Embryos were cultured for 2 weeks and growing callus was transferred to a second round of selection using the same media as previous except that Cycloxydim selection was increased to 50 μM. Selected calli were transferred to M-LS-504 or M-LS-513 media supplemented with either 5 μM Cycloxydim or 0.75 μM of Tepraloxydim for and moved to the light (16 hr/8 hr day/night) for regeneration. Shoots appeared between 2-3 weeks and were transferred to plantcon boxes containing either M-LS-618 or M-LS-613 supplemented with either 5 μM Cycloxydim or 0.75 μM of Tepraloxydim for further shoot development and rooting. Leaf samples were submitted for Taqman analysis. Positive plants were transferred to soil for growth and seed generation. In the second set of experiments, conditions were identical except that Tepraloxydim selection was decreased to 0.5 μM during regeneration and shoot and root formation. In the third set of experiments, Haloxyfop was also tested as a selection agent. In these experiments, 1 μM was used throughout for selection.

Results and Discussion:

Transgenic calli were obtained from Indical rice transformation experiments using ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and W2027(Am)C, and ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and I2041(Am)N. One callus was obtained from ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and W2027(Am)C following Tepraloxydim selection and 3 calli were obtained from ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and I2041(Am)N. One callus was obtained from ACC gene containing I1781(Am)L and 12041(Am)N using Cycloxydim selection. Nos Taqman showed that all of these calli were transgenic. Calli were screened for growth under various selection agents including Imazethapry (Pursuit—P) for the mutant AHAS selectable marker.

As can be observed in Table 7, the double mutant constructs allowed for growth on both Cycloxydim and Tepraloxydim in addition to Haloxyfop. The levels utilized in these growth experiments are inhibitory for wild type material. Growth was measured as a % change in size following 1 month of culture on the selection media.

TABLE 7 Growth of transgenic Indica1 callus on various selection media. Selection μM Construct H10 C10 T2.5 P100 I1781(Am)L, W2027(Am)C 1669% 867% 1416% 739% I1781(Am)L, I2041(Am)N 1613% 884% 1360% 634%

Results from the first set of maize experiments reveal that both the single of the double mutant can be used to select for Cycloxydim resistance or both Cylcoxydim or Tepraloxydim resistance at a relatively high efficiency (FIG. 16).

Efficiencies between selection agents was relatively comparable in these experiments with maybe a slight decrease in the overall efficiency with the single mutant on Cycloxydim compared to Pursuit selection. However, the double mutant may have a slight increased efficiency. The escape rate—the percentage of non-confirmed putative events—was lower for Cycloxydim or Tepraloxydim. Further, under the conditions described, it was possible to differentiate between the single and double mutants using Tepraloxydim selection.

Similar results have been obtained in the second set of experiments (not shown). In the third set of experiments, Haloxyfop is also an efficient selectable marker for use in transformation with either the single or the double mutant (not shown).

The single mutant is useful for high efficiency transformation using Cycloxydim or Haloxyfop selection. It should also be useful for other related compounds such as Sethoxydim. The double mutant is useful for these selection agents with the addition that Tepraloxydim can be used. The single and the double mutant can be used in a two stage transformation in that the single mutant can be differentiated from the double with Tepraloxydim selection. In combination with other current BASF selection markers, these give two more options for high efficiency transformations of monocots and maize in particular.

Herbicide tolerance phenotypes as described herein have also been exhibited by ACCase-inhibitor tolerant rice plants hereof, in the field under 600 g/ha cycloxydim treatment (data not shown).

Example 8: AIT Rice Tolerance to Herbicide Versus Red Rice

The tolerance of AIT rice to a variety of FOP, DIM and DEN herbicides was evaluated and compared to the tolerance of wild-type red rice to the same herbicides.

Methods:

Untreated AIT rice and red rice seeds were sown into fields in three separate locations and allowed to emerge. At the 3-4 leaf growth stage, plots at each location were treated with single applications of varying concentrations of herbicide. All herbicides were suspended in solutions comprising 1% methylated seed oil.

Cycloxydim was applied at a rate of 300 g AI/Ha.

Sethoxydim was applied at a rate of 600 g AI/Ha.

Tepraloxydim was applied at a rate of 50 g AI/Ha.

Clethodim was applied at a rate of 100 200 g AI/Ha.

Quizalofop-P-ethyl was applied at rates of 35, 70 and 140 g AI/Ha.

Pinoxaden was applied at rates of 30, 60 and 120 g AI/Ha.

Clodinafop-propargyl was applied at rates of 35, 70 and 140 g AI/Ha.

Percent injury to treated plants was evaluated two weeks after herbicide treatment according to procedures standard in the art.

Results:

Results are shown as the average percent injury of the three plots for each plant type treated with the given application rate of herbicide.

As shown in FIG. 20A, red rice suffered more injury to each herbicide at each concentration that the corresponding plots of AIT rice as shown in FIG. 20B.

The above description is for the purpose of teaching the person of ordinary skill in the art how to practice the claimed aspects of the disclosure and embodiments thereof, and it is not intended to detail all those obvious modifications and variations of it which will become apparent to the skilled worker upon reading the description. It is intended, however, that all such obvious modifications and variations be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The disclosure is intended to cover the components and steps in any sequence which is effective to meet the objectives there intended, unless the context specifically indicates the contrary. All patents and publications cited herein are entirely incorporated herein by reference. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for treating rice, comprising: providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence; thereby creating a treated rice plant; and growing the resulting treated rice plant.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is quizalofop or an ester thereof.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the effective amount of quizalofop or an ester thereof is at least 14 g AI/Ha.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is fluazifop or an ester thereof.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the effective amount of fluazifop or an ester thereof is at least 56 g AI/Ha.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the effective amount of clodinafop or clodinafop-propargyl is at least 11 g AI/Ha.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide is diclofop or diclofop-methyl.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the effective amount of diclofop or diclofop-methyl is at least 226 g AI/Ha.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Echinochloa.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the weed of the genus Echinochloa is selected from the group consisting of Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Echinochloa oryzicola, and Echinochloa oryzoides.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is effective for killing a weed of the genus Leptochloa.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the weed of the genus Leptochloa is selected from the group consisting of Leptochloa chinensis, Leptochloa fascicularis, Leptochloa panacea, and Leptochloa panicoides.
 17. A method for treating rice, comprising: providing a domestic rice crop plant and at least one ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide selected from the group consisting of quizalofop or an ester thereof, fluazifop or an ester thereof, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop, and diclofop-methyl; applying an effective amount (measured in g AI/Ha) of the at least one aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide to the domestic rice crop plant, post-emergence, wherein said effective amount is 0.5× of an amount that causes both at least about 90% phytotoxicity in wild type Echinochloa crus-galli and more than 10% phytotoxicity in wild-type Oryza sativa; thereby creating a treated rice plant, and growing the resulting treated rice plant.
 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising harvesting seed from the treated rice plant.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the domestic rice crop plant comprises and expresses an endogenous non-transfected mutant ACCase nucleic acid whose sequence encodes a multi-functional, plastidic ACCase containing a mutation that causes the ACCase to be tolerant to the herbicide, the nucleic acid thereby providing to the plant tolerance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicide.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said mutation is selected from the group consisting of I1781L, G2096S, and W2027C. 